clreq-gap for typst 2025-07-06, typst v0.13.1

Chinese Layout Gap Analysis for Typst.

分析 Typst 与中文排版的差距。

Introduction 导语

Typst is a markup-based typesetting software, and this document describes gaps or shortcomings for the support of the Chinese script within Typst. In particular, it is concerned with text layout and bibliography. It examines whether needed features are supported by the typst compiler, and provides information on potential workarounds.

Typst 是一款基于标记的排版软件，这份文档描述了它在中文支持方面的差距，特别是排版和参考文献著录。本文会检查 typst 编译器是否支持所需功能，并介绍可能的临时解决方案。

This document also attempts to prioritize the gaps in terms of the impact on Chinese end authors. The prioritization is indicated by colour, as shown in Table 1.

根据对中文最终作者的影响程度，本文还尝试给这些差距排出优先顺序。优先级用颜色表示，如 Table 1 所示。

⚠ This document is only an early draft. Additionally, it is not endorsed by either W3C or Typst GmbH. Please refer to it with caution.

⚠ 这份文档仅是早期草稿。此外，本文并无 W3C 或 Typst GmbH 背书。请谨慎参考。

1 Text direction 文本方向

1.1 Writing mode 行文模式

Vertical Writing Mode 直排

Advanced typst#5908

There are two writing modes in Chinese composition:

中文有两种行文模式：

• Horizontal writing mode is the mainstream mode in Chinese Mainland, and is also commonly used for books on natural science in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan.

  横排是中国大陆的主流方法，港澳台的自然科学类书籍也常用横排。

• Vertical writing mode is the traditional mode for Chinese publications, and still stands as an important cultural characteristic of regions where Traditional Chinese is used.

  直排是中文书籍的传统方法，仍是繁体中文通行地区的重要文化标志。

Compared with horizontal writing mode, vertical writing mode not only changes the direction of the text flow, but also adjusts the form, size, and position of punctuation marks (as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2). Additionally, it requires adapting to mixed Chinese-Western text, captions of figures, multi-column layout, and more.

与横排相比，直排除了更改行文方向，还会调整标点符号的形态、尺寸、位置（如 Figure 1、Figure 2），此外还需适配中西混排、图表标题、分栏等。

Considering that typst currently struggles even with basic vertical typesetting, we will not cover issues related to vertical writing mode in the following sections.

鉴于 typst 目前连基础直排也难以实现，下文各节将不再讨论直排相关的问题。

1.2 Bidirectional text

Not applicable

2 Glyph shaping & positioning 字形的变形与定位

2.1 Fonts selection 字体选择

Writing Chinese without configuring any font leads to messy font fallback 若不配置字体就写中文，回落出的字体会很混乱

Advanced typst#5040 typst#5900 fix (doc-cn)

The default main text font in typst does not include Chinese characters. Therefore, when compiling locally, if you write Chinese without configuring any font using #set text(font: …), the fallback result may end up mixing fonts of different writing styles (as shown in Figure 3), making the text hard to read. Moreover, there is no warning or hint.

typst的正文默认字体不含汉字。因此本地编译时，若不用#set text(font: …)配置字体就写中文，回落结果可能混合不同风格的字体（如 Figure 3），难以阅读，且无任何警告或提示。

Wrong monospace font fallback for Chinese in raw block 代码块内汉字回落的等宽字体不正常

Advanced typst#3385 fix (doc-cn)

This issue continues the above issue.

这一问题接续上一问题。

Apart from the main text, typst presets another font for raw code blocks, which does not include Chinese characters either. Currently, this setting takes precedence over the main text font you specified, forcing you to re-declare the Chinese font by #show raw: set text(font: …).

在正文之外，typst对raw代码块预设了另一字体，同样不含汉字。该设置目前优先于你指定的正文字体，导致必须用#show raw: set text(font: …)再次指定中文字体。

正文汉字 vs. `let foo = "汉字"`

Wrong font fallback for Chinese in math equations 数学公式中汉字回落的字体不正常

Advanced typst#366 fix (doc-cn)

This is a variant of the above issue in math.equation.

这是以上问题在math.equation数学公式的变体。

因此，
$ f(x) = y "（定义8）" $

Language-dependant font configuration 按语言设置字体

Basic typst#794

For punctuation marks such as quotation marks (see §4.2), Chinese and Western scripts share the same Unicode code points, but require different glyph forms. Therefore, their fonts must be set respectively.

对于引号（见 §4.2）等标点符号，中西文在Unicode中共用码位w3c/clreq#534 ，但要求不同形态，故必须分开设置字体。

我说：“T'Pol 是‘虚构’人物！”

2.2 Font rendering & font styles 字体渲染与字体风格

Size per font 按字体设置字号

Advanced typst#6295

It is common to use different fonts for Chinese and Western characters, and the visual sizes of different fonts may need to be fine-tuned for alignment.

中西文经常采用不同字体，而不同字体的视觉大小可能需要微调对齐。

共10人

Variable font 可变字体

Advanced typst#185 typst#6054 fix (github)

Variable fonts offer more creative possibilities and have higher storage efficiency. Given the vast number of Chinese characters, designing and storing traditional static fonts can be challenging — for example, a static Noto Sans CJK OTF/TTC is often ~100 MB. This makes variable fonts especially valuable for the Chinese language.

可变字体的创意可能性更多，并且存储效率更高。汉字数量庞大，设计、存储传统不可变字体都相对困难——例如不可变思源黑体一般有 ~100 MB，所以可变字体对中文有独特价值。

The current typst will render them as the lightest weight when exporting SVG, and turn them into tofus when exporting PDF or PNG.

目前 typst 导出 SVG 会渲染成最细字重，导出 PDF、PNG 会变成豆腐块。

#set text(font: "Source Han Serif SC VF")
可变字体

2.3 Context-based shaping and positioning

Not applicable

2.4 Cursive text

Not applicable

2.5 Letterform slopes, weights, & italics 字体斜度、字重、意大利体

Fake (synthesized) bold 伪粗体

Basic typst#394 fix (universe/cuti) fix (doc-cn)

Classic Chinese fonts often have only one level of text weight. Therefore, fake bold is crucial in practice.

传统中文字体通常只有单级字重，所以伪粗体在实用中很关键。

#set text(font: "SimSun")
想做出*最好的*灯泡。

2.6 Case & other character transforms

Not applicable

3 Typographic units 排版单元

3.1 Characters & encoding 字符与编码

Ideographic variation sequence disappears at end of line 行末的表意文字异体字序列无效

Advanced typst#5319 typst#5785

Ideographic Variation Sequence (IVS) is a mechanism for plain text specified by Unicode to change the glyph to be used to display a character. For more information, please refer to the FAQ on Unicode.org.

表意文字异体字序列（ideographic variation sequence, IVS）是 Unicode 定义的一种纯文本机制，可以更换某个字符显示用的异体字字形。更多信息请参考 Unicode.org 上的常见问题。

This issue is marked as advanced, because IVS is rarely used and can be replaced by settings such as #set text(lang: …, region: …).

这一问题算作 Advanced，因为 IVS 很少用，并且可用#set text(lang: …, region: …)等设置替代。

Links containing non ASCII characters are wrong when viewing PDF in Safari 链接若包含非 ASCII 字符，用 Safari 查看 PDF 时会错

Basic typst#6128 fix (universe/percencode)

In the typst document, if the URL of a link uses Chinese characters rather than escape sequences, then it will be wrong when viewing PDF in Safari. The UTF-8 encoded bytes are decoded as Latin-1.

在 typst 文档中设置链接的 URL 时，若不加转义，直接用汉字，那么用 Safari 查看 PDF 时会错。UTF-8 编码的字节被按 Latin-1 解码。

 #link("https://w3c.github.io/clreq/home#discussions-讨论-討論")[Discussions 讨论 討論]

3.2 Grapheme/word segmentation & selection

OK

4 Punctuation & inline features 标点符号及其它行内特性

4.1 Phrase & section boundaries 短语与章节边界

To be done

4.2 Quotations & citations 引文

Quotation marks should have different widths for Chinese and Western text 中西文引号的宽度应当不同

Basic typst#5858 fix (doc-cn)

Both Chinese and Western quotation marks (and apostrophes) use the same Unicode code points:

中西文的引号（及撇号）都使用相同Unicode码位：

• U+2018 ‘ left single quotation mark
• U+2019 ’ right single quotation mark
• U+201c “ left double quotation mark
• U+201d ” right double quotation mark

But punctuation in Chinese is usually supposed to be wider than that in Western languages. This cannot be achieved automatically yet.

但中文的标点通常应该比西文的宽。当前这还无法自动实现。

我说：“T'Pol 是‘虚构’人物！”

4.3 Emphasis & highlighting 强调与突出显示

Underline breaks when mixing Chinese and Western text 中西文下划线错位

Advanced typst#1210 typst#1716 (comment) fix (doc-cn)

Unlike the Latin alphabet, Chinese characters have no concept of ascenders and descenders. Therefore, underlines in Chinese should be drawn completely below the glyphs. Additionally, it is common to use different fonts for Chinese and Western characters, creating more difficulties in aligning the underline.

与拉丁字母不同，汉字没有升降部的概念，所以中文的下划线应当完全在字符之下。此外，中西文常用不同字体，导致下划线更难对齐。

#underline[中文和English]

4.4 Abbreviation, ellipsis, & repetition 缩写、省略与重复

4.5 Inline notes & annotations 行内注与行间注

Add support for ruby (CJK, e.g., furigana for Japanese) 支持标注拼音

Advanced typst#1489

warichu 割注

Advanced typst#193 (mentioned)

4.6 Text decoration & other inline features 文本标示与其他行内特性

To be done

4.7 Data formats & numbers 数据格式与数字

Numbers in Simplified Chinese 简体中文数字

OK

#numbering("一", 299792458)

#numbering("壹", 299792458)

Natively supported. Mentioned here to prevent future people from reimplementing it.

内置支持。为避免又有人不知道而重复开发，提及一下。

Numbers in Traditional Chinese 繁体中文数字

Advanced typst#6484 fix (universe/conjak)

The characters used for numbers are not identical between traditional and simplified Chinese, but there is no mechanism to distinguish them yet.

繁简中文数字所用字符不完全一致，但尚无机制区分。

#set text(lang: "zh", region: "TW")
#numbering("壹", 2 * calc.pow(10, 8))

The expected output may vary with regions and personal preferences. For example, #numbering("壹", 3) can be written in multiple ways such as U+53c1 叁 , U+53c3 參 , U+53c4 叄 .

具体期望结果可能还有地区变体和个人偏好变体，例如#numbering("壹", 3)会有 U+53c1 叁 、U+53c3 參 、U+53c4 叄 多种写法。

5 Line and paragraph layout 行与段落版式

5.1 Line breaking & hyphenation 换行与断词连字

OK

5.2 Text alignment & justification 文本对齐

As the above example, the frame grid is the conventional typesetting mechanism in Chinese. It is difficult to strictly implement the mechanism in current typst. People usually #set par(justify: true) to achieve similar results. However, this workaround can lead to several issues in this section.

如上例，中文习惯按稿纸网格排版。这目前在 typst 中难以严格实现，通常变通设置#set par(justify: true)。然而这权宜之计触发了本节若干问题。

Furthermore, as illustrated in the following example, since Chinese characters are square-shaped, simple texts can often be aligned acceptably (and occasionally better) using the default justify: false. Only in complex cases—such as when text includes numbers, mathematical formulae, acronyms, or Western words—is it necessary to set justify: true. Nevertheless, for the sake of simplicity and robustness, we will continue to use simple text to demonstrate issues.

此外如下例，由于汉字是方块字，若文本比较简单，默认justify: false即可对齐（有时效果还更好）；只有遇到数字及数学公式、首字母缩写甚至西文单词等复杂情况时，才必须justify: true。不过为了简洁可靠，以下演示问题仍会采用简单文本。

CJK-latin glues stretch only before latin characters 中西间距只在拉丁字母之前拉伸

Advanced typst#6062

#set par(justify: true)
#block(width: 3em)[第1回成段]

Strict grid aligned in both horizontal and vertical axes 严格纵横对齐的网格

Advanced typst#4404

#set par(justify: true)
#block(width: 7.5em)[
  天生我材必有用千金散尽还复来烹羊宰牛且为乐会须一饮三百杯
]

The above simple examples demonstrate the principle, and the following complex examples are closer to practicality.

以上简单例子展示了原理，下面的复杂例子更接近实用

#set par(justify: true)
#block(width: 8em)[
  天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来。烹羊宰牛且为乐，会须一饮三百杯。
]

#set par(justify: true)
#block(width: 12em)[
  每年的消费量约4,000吨，每年的消费量
]

Brackets at the beginning of paragraph 段首的方括号

To be done typst#4011

Parenthetical indication punctuation marks at the start of paragraphs are not adjusted sometimes 段首的夹注符号有时不会调整间距

Advanced typst#2348

#set par(justify: true)
《新生》的出版之期接近了……

#set par(first-line-indent: 2em)
《新生》的出版之期接近了……

Unexpected indentation after figures, lists and block equations 图表、列表、块级公式后异常缩进

Basic typst#3206 fix (doc-cn)

Figures, lists and block equations will break the paragraph, causing the following text to start a new paragraph. This becomes visually noticeable when a first-line indent is applied. In Chinese, it is common practice to use a 2-em first-line indent, making this issue particularly apparent.

图表、列表、块级公式会终结段落，导致后文另起一段。若设置了首行缩进，换段会很明显。而中文出版物普遍设置首行缩进两字，导致这一问题尤为突出。

#set par(first-line-indent: (amount: 2em, all: true))

段首起始该缩进
$ integral f dif x $
此处应当仍在段内，不该缩进。

Even inter-character spacing 均排

Advanced fix (doc-cn) fix (universe/tricorder)

Even inter-character spacing means letting several Chinese characters to occupy a fixed width and be evenly distributed.

均排是指让几个汉字占固定宽度并均匀分布。

丁声树 黎锦熙 \
李荣 陆志韦

5.3 Text spacing 文本的间距调整

CJK-Latin-spacing not working around raw raw两边缺少中西间距

Advanced typst#2702 fix (doc-cn)

汉字`(code)`汉字

CJK-Latin-spacing not working around inline equations 行内公式两边缺少中西间距

Advanced typst#2703 fix (doc-cn)

汉字$A$汉字

Redundant CJK-Latin space at manual line breaks 人为换行时多余中西间距

Advanced typst#6539

If the line is manually broken between a CJK and a Latin character, then typst will insert an extra CJK-Latin space. This space becomes noticeable when text is aligned to the right or center.

若在汉字和拉丁字母间手动换行，typst 会插入多余中西间距。如果文本右对齐或居中对齐，这个间距会显现出来。

#set text(cjk-latin-spacing: auto)
#box(width: 3em, stroke: (right: green), align(right, [国国\ TT]))

Punctuation compression is interrupted by #show #show会打断标点挤压

Basic typst#5474

噫）。嘘）．唏

#show "。": "．"
噫）。嘘）．唏

5.4 Baselines, line-height, etc. 基线、行高等

Default line height is too tight for Chinese 默认行高对中文来说过小

Basic typst#5644 fix (doc-cn)

Unlike the Latin alphabet, Chinese characters have no concept of ascenders and descenders. So even though the numerical values of the leading are the same, the visual spacing of Chinese is smaller than that of Western text.

与拉丁字母不同，汉字没有升降部的概念。所以尽管行距的数值相同，中文的视觉效果会比西文紧。

Typst 国王 \
Typst 国王

5.5 Lists, counters, etc. 列表、编号等

List and enum markers are not aligned with the baseline of the item's contents list和enum的编号与内容未对齐基线

Basic typst#1204 typst#1610 fix (doc-cn)

This issue occurs when the marker and the content have different heights. It is common in mixed Chinese-Western text layouts to use different fonts for Chinese and Western characters. As a result, the height of Western (numeric) markers is likely to differ from that of the Chinese content, triggering the issue.

这一问题的触发条件是编号和内容的高度不同。而中西混排场景中，中西文经常采用不同字体，导致西文（数字）编号与中文内容很可能不一样高，从而触发问题。

#set text(font: (
  (name: "New Computer Modern", covers: "latin-in-cjk"),
  "SimSun",
))

+ 鲁镇的酒店的格局，是和别处不同的。

Too wide spacing between heading numbering and title 标题编号与内容之间的空隙过宽

Basic typst#5778 fix (doc-cn)

In Chinese, the chapter number and its title are typically separated by the secondary comma U+3001 、 ideographic comma. Unlike the dot . used in formats like 1. Title, no extra space should follow the 、 in examples such as 一、标题. However, typst puts a hard-coded 0.3-em space here.

中文通常习惯用顿号 U+3001 、 ideographic comma 分隔章号和标题。与1. Title这种格式中的.不同，一、标题中的、后不应再插入空格。然而 typst 在这里硬编码插入了宽 0.3 em 的空格。

#set heading(numbering: "一、")
= 标题

The auto hanging indents of multiline headings are inaccurate 多行标题的自动悬挂缩进不准确

Advanced typst#6527 fix (github)

The default value of heading.hanging-indent is auto, which indicates that the subsequent heading lines will be indented based on the width of the numbering. However, the auto width is not accurate if the numbering ends with a full-width punctuation, e.g., U+3001 、 ideographic comma.

heading.hanging-indent默认为auto，表示标题从第二行起按编号的宽度缩进。然而若编号以全宽标点结尾，例如 U+3001 、 ideographic comma，那么auto得出的宽度并不准确。

#set page(width: 5 * 12pt + 2 * 1em, margin: 1em)
#show heading: set text(12pt)

#set heading(numbering: "一、")
= 寻寻觅觅

5.6 Styling initials

To be done

6 Page & book layout 页面与书籍版式

6.1 General page layout & progression 基本页面版式与装订方向

Chinese size system (hào-system) 中文字号的号数制

Advanced fix (universe/pointless-size)

号数制 (hào-system, or number system) is the system to specify text size in Chinese and Japanese typesetting. The unit is not linearly related to points: 五号 (size 5) = 10.5 pt, 小四 (size small 4) = 12 pt, 四号 (size 4) = 14 pt… The hào-system is still commonly used in China. An average person may be familiar with the size of 小四, but likely has little intuition about 12 pt without referring to a conversion table..

号数制是中文和日文排版中指定字号的系统。这种单位无法线性转换成点数：五号 = 10.5点，小四 = 12点，四号 = 14点……号数制在中国仍然普遍使用。普通人通常理解小四字多大，但可能对 12 pt 没有直观感受，除非查阅转换表。

The following is a typical conversion table in Chinese.

中文典型转换表如下。

This issue should have been marked as Basic. However, considering that the hào-system was not standardized by the various foundries in the past (for example, nowadays, 四号 is 14 pt in CTeX, MS Word, WPS, and Adobe, but others may prefer 13.75 pt), we mark it as Advanced for the moment.

这一问题本该算作 Basic，但由于号数制当年在各地金属活字厂家并未统一（例如今日 CTeX、MS Word、WPS、Adobe 的四号是14点，但其它可能用13.75点），暂且算作 Advanced。

Directly setting the width of the type area, instead of the paper width 直接设置版心宽度而非纸张宽度

Advanced

In Chinese typography, line length should be multiples of the character size. Otherwise, several alignment issues described in §5.2 may occur.

中文排版中，一行的行长应为文字尺寸的整数倍，不然容易触发 §5.2 中的若干对齐问题。因此通常“先确定版心，再余出空白”，而不是“先确定边距，再剩出版心”。

 // Current:
 #set page(paper: "a4", margin: (x: (210mm - 42em) / 2))

 // Expected to be easier:
 #set page(paper: "a4", inner-width: 42em)

6.2 Grids & tables 网格与表格

To be done

6.3 Footnotes, endnotes, etc. 脚注、尾注等

To be done

6.4 Page headers, footers, etc. 页眉、页脚等

To be done

6.5 Forms & user interaction 表单和用户交互

To be done

7 Bibliography 参考文献管理

GB/T 7714—2015 specifies the following three citation styles. Each style uses a dedicated citing format in the main text, and the bibliography list at the end also arranges differently. However, the rules on recording each individual work are identical.

GB/T 7714—2015 规定了以下三种标注方法。各方法采用不同的正文引注样式，末尾参考文献表的排布方式也不尽相同；不过，每项文献的著录规则完全相同。

• numeric 顺序编码
• author-date 著者-出版年
• note 注释/脚注

The first style is the most widely used. The following sections will refer to this method unless otherwise specified.

第一种方法应用最广。下文默认指这种方法。

7.1 Citing 参考文献引注

Citation numbers are flying over their brackets 引用编号的数字高于括号

OK typst#633 typst#6513 typst#4203 typst#5777 fix (doc-cn)

#set text(font: "Noto Serif CJK SC")
孔乙己@key\上大人

#let bib = ```bib
@misc{key,
  title = {Title},
}
```.text
#bibliography(bytes(bib), style: "gb-7714-2015-numeric")

#set text(font: "Noto Serif CJK SC")

❌国@key
✅国#super("[1]")
❌国#"[1]".clusters().map(super).join()

#set super(typographic: false)

✅国@key
✅国#super("[1]")
✅国#"[1]".clusters().map(super).join()

Compression of continuous citation numbers 压缩连续的引用编号

Basic hayagriva#189 (mentioned)

Compression should start from two citations., but the current threshold is three.

压缩应从两篇文献开始，而目前是从三篇开始。

两篇@a @b \
三篇@a @b @c

#let bib = (
  "abc".clusters().map(n => "@misc{[n], title = {Title}}".replace("[n]", n)).sum()
)
#bibliography(bytes(bib), style: "gb-7714-2015-numeric")

Superscript and non-superscript forms should coexist 共存上标和非上标形式

Broken fix (doc-cn)

Both the superscript and non-superscript forms are needed in practice.

实际中，上标、非上标两种引用形式都需要。

 孔乙己@key，另见#cite(<key>, form: "prose-short")。

Cite with page numbers 带页码引用

Advanced fix (forum)

初次@a[260] \
再次@a[326--329] @b @c @d

#let bib = (
  "abcd".clusters().map(n => "@misc{[n], title = {Title}}".replace("[n]", n)).sum()
)
#bibliography(bytes(bib), style: "gb-7714-2015-numeric")

This issue is marked as advanced, because citing with page number is not common. According to GB/T 7714—2015 §10.1.3, in most cases, page numbers should be recorded in the bibliography list. Citing with page number is only necessary when the work is cited multiple times with different page numbers.

这一问题算作 Advanced，因为带页码引用并不常见。根据 GB/T 7714—2015 §10.1.3，大多数情况下页码应当记录在参考文献表中；只有多次引用同一文献的不同页码时，才需在引用处标注页码。

7.2 Bibliography listing 参考文献表

Use et al. for English and 等 for Chinese 英文用et al.，中文用等

Broken citationberg#5 hayagriva#291 typst#3168 nju-lug/modern-nju-thesis#3 csimide/SEU-Typst-Template#1 biblatex#78 hayagriva#126 fix (doc-cn) fix (universe/modern-nju-thesis)

It is extremely common to cite both Chinese and English works in an article. For multi-author literature, some authors may be omitted. In such cases, we should use et al. for English and 等 for Chinese.

一篇文章同时引用中英文献极其常见。多著者文献可能省略部分作者，这时英文应加et al.，中文应加等。

Currently, #set text(lang: …) can select et al. (en) or 等 (zh) for all entries, but it is not possible to set each entry individually.

当前可用#set text(lang: …)统一选择et al.（en）与等（zh），但无法逐文献设置。

@article{吴伟仁2017,
  title = {“嫦娥4号”月球背面软着陆任务设计},
  author = {{吴伟仁} and {王琼} and {唐玉华} and {于国斌} and {刘继忠} and {张玮} and {宁远明} and {卢亮亮}},
  date = {2017-01},
  journaltitle = {深空探测学报},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {111--117},
  doi = {10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.02.002},
  langid = {chinese}
}
@article{su2025,
  title = {South {{Pole}}–{{Aitken}} Massive Impact 4.25 Billion Years Ago Revealed by {{Chang}}'e-6 Samples},
  author = {Su, Bin and Chen, Yi and Wang, Zeling and Zhang, Di and Chen, Haojie and Gou, Sheng and Yue, Zongyu and Liu, Yanhong and Yuan, Jiangyan and Tang, Guoqiang and Guo, Shun and Li, Qiuli and Lin, Yang-Ting and Li, Xian-Hua and Wu, Fu-Yuan},
  date = {2025-03-20},
  journaltitle = {National Science Review},
  shortjournal = {Natl. Sci. Rev.},
  pages = {nwaf103},
  issn = {2095-5138},
  doi = {10.1093/nsr/nwaf103},
  langid = {english},
}

institution and school are not shown institution机构名称和school学校名称不显示

Broken hayagriva#112 fix (doc-cn)

institution and school are not recognized as aliases of publisher, and typst does not understand institute in CSL either. The school field is conventionally associated with @thesis ([D]), and the institute field with @report ([R]). These fields should be placed between the location and the date after [D]/[R].

institution机构名称和school学校名称未被识别成publisher的别名，typst 亦不支持解析 CSL 中的 institution。school字段常用于学位论文@thesis（[D]），institute字段常用于报告@report（[R]），它们应显示在[D]/[R]后的地点与日期之间。

@report{report,
  author = {Robert Swearingen},
  title = {Morphology and syntax of British sailors’ English},
  series = {Technical Report},
  number = {249},
  institution = {Profanity Institute},
  address = {New York},
  year = {1985},
}
@thesis{王楠2016,
  title = {在“共产主义视镜”下想象科学——“十七年”期间的中国科幻文学与科学话语},
  author = {王楠},
  date = {2016-08-05},
  institution = {新加坡国立大学},
  location = {新加坡},
  url = {https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/132143},
  urldate = {2025-02-15},
  langid = {chinese}
}

Discontinuous page numbers are displayed incorrectly, missing a comma 不连续页码显示错误，缺少逗号

Basic fix (doc-cn)

@phdthesis{alterego,
  type = {{超高校级学位论文}},
  title = {{基于图书室的笔记本电脑的 Alter Ego 系统}},
  author = {不二咲, 千尋},
  year = {2010},
  address = {某地},
  school = {私立希望ヶ峰学園},
  publisher = {私立希望ヶ峰学園},
  pages = {1--3, 5},
}

Chinese works should be ordered by the pinyin or strokes of the authors for gb-7714-2015-author-date 采用gb-7714-2015-author-date时，中文文献应按著者汉语拼音字顺或笔画笔顺排列

Advanced hayagriva#259 hayagriva#193

The style gb-7714-2015-author-date currently sorts works by Unicode code points. However, according to the standard, when using this style, the cited works should first be grouped by scripts, then arranged by author names and publication dates. For Chinese works, they may be ordered by either pinyin or strokes.

目前gb-7714-2015-author-date样式按Unicode码位排序。而标准规定，采用这种样式时，各篇文献首先按文种集中，然后按著者字顺和出版年排列，其中中文文献可按著者汉语拼音字顺或笔画笔顺排列。

gb-7714-2015-note is totally broken gb-7714-2015-note完全无法使用

Advanced hayagriva#189 (mentioned)

• The references need only be listed in the footnotes, and should not be repeated at the end of the article. 文献只需在脚注列出，无需在文末重复。

• If the same work is cited multiple times, then its footnote should be repeated in most cases. 若一篇文献被重复引用，则大多数情况下，相应脚注也应重复。

孔乙己@key \
上大人@key

#let bib = ```bib
@misc{key,
  author = {Author},
  title = {Title},
  date = {2025-06-17},
}
```.text
#bibliography(bytes(bib), style: "gb-7714-2015-note")

7.3 Bibliography file 参考文献文件

@standard is not correctly interpreted @standard被错误解释

Basic hayagriva#312

@standard is the [S] type in GB/T 7714—2015. It is a regular type in CSL, and a non-standard type in BibTeX (but accepted by biber). However, typst interprets it as @misc ([Z]) or @webpage ([EB]).

@standard是 GB/T 7714—2015 里的[S]类型文献。它在 CSL 中是个正常类型，不过并非 BibTeX 的标准类型（但 biber 支持）。然而 typst 将它解释为@misc（[Z]）或@webpage（[EB]）。

@standard{DASH,
  title = {Information Technology — {{Dynamic}} Adaptive Streaming over {{HTTP}} ({{DASH}}) — {{Part}} 1: {{Media}} Presentation Description and Segment Formats},
  author = {{ISO/IEC}},
  date = {2022-08},
  number = {ISO/IEC 23009-1:2022(E)},
  publisher = {International Organization for Standardization},
  url = {https://www.iso.org/standard/83314.html},
  pubstate = {Published},
  version = {5},
}

Failed to load some CSL styles 无法加载某些 CSL 样式

Advanced fix (doc-cn)

The compiler does not support the CSL-M standard yet, nor is it compatible with some extensions of citeproc-js.

编译器暂不支持 CSL-M 标准，也不兼容 citeproc-js 的一些扩展。

8 Other 杂项

8.1 Culture-specific features 文化独有特性

For references to headings, the supplement should not be put before the number 引用章节时，名称不该在编号之前

Broken typst#5102 typst#2485 (mentioned)

When referencing chapters and sections in Chinese, it is standard to write 第一章 or 2.1小节, while forms like 小节2.1 are rarely used, and 章一 is virtually nonexistent. Therefore, the supplement parameter of ref or heading is useless for Chinese, making it inevitable to use #show ref: it => ….

引用章节时，中文通常写第一章或2.1小节，而几乎不写小节2.1，更不会写章一。因此，中文无法使用ref或heading的supplement参数，必须#show ref: it => …。

Literal meanings: 字面含义：

• ✅ 第一章—— number one chapter
• ✅ 2.1小节—— 2.1 tiny section
• 😟 小节2.1—— tiny section 2.1
• ❌ 章一—— chapter one

#set heading(numbering: "1.1")
== 标题 <sec>
见@sec。

Besides, defining a show rule to replace ref with link(it.element.location(), …) will cause other problems, such as difficulty in coloring link and ref separately.

此外，若在 show 规则中用link(it.element.location(), …)替代ref，又会引发其它问题，例如难以给link、ref分别上色。

Bilingual figure captions 双语插图标题

Advanced fix (doc-cn)

8.2 What else? 其它

Ignore linebreaks between CJK characters in source code 忽略源码中CJK字符间的换行

Advanced typst#792 fix (doc-cn) fix (universe/cjk-unbreak)

测试一下，
效果怎么样。

This issue is marked as advanced, because not all people want this behaviour.

这一问题算作 Advanced，因为并非所有人都想要这种行为。

Disable the spell checker of webapp 关闭 webapp 的拼写检查

Advanced fix (doc-cn)

The spell checker embedded in the webapp does not support Chinese, marking all characters as misspelled, as shown in Figure 4.

webapp 内嵌的拼写检查器不支持中文，每个字都会被标为拼写错误，如 Figure 4。

Internationalize warning and error messages 国际化警告和错误信息

Advanced typst#6460

At present, there are no relevant methods, no matter the messages come from the core compiler or third-party packages.

尚无任何相关措施，无论报错发自核心编译器还是第三方包。

Addendum 附录

Summary 概要

Environment of the examples 例子的环境信息

• Update date 更新日期
  2025-07-06

• Compiler 编译器
  typst v0.13.1

• Document version 文档版本
  commit 73b3a693 (main) (log)

  Latest log 最新日志

  commit 73b3a693e3623debd682ca985d2904d6055db464
  Author:     Y.D.X. <73375426+YDX-2147483647@users.noreply.github.com>
  AuthorDate: 2025-07-07 06:29:57 +0800
  Commit:     GitHub <noreply@github.com>
  CommitDate: 2025-07-07 06:29:57 +0800
  
      Merge pull request #30 from YDX-2147483647/main
      
      docs: variants of traditional Chinese numbers

• Default fonts 默认字体
  New Computer Modern, Noto Serif CJK SC

References 参考资料

• W3C documents W3C 文档

  • Requirements for Chinese Text Layout - 中文排版需求
  • Chinese Layout Gap Analysis

• FAQ 常见问题 | Typst Doc CN 中文社区导航

• 孔雀计划：中文字体排印的思路 | The Type — 文字 / 设计 / 文化

• Standards 标准

  • GB/T 7714—2015《信息与文献　参考文献著录规则》Information and documentation—Rules for bibliographic references and citations to information resources (PDF)
  • GB/T 15834—2011《标点符号用法》General rules for punctuation (PDF)
  • CY/T 154—2017《中文出版物夹用英文的编辑规范》Rules for editing Chinese publications interpolated with English (PDF)

• Reference implementations 参考实现

  • biblatex-gb7714-2015, A BibLaTeX implementation of the GB/T 7714—2015 bibliography style for Chinese users 符合 GB/T 7714—2015 标准的 biblatex 参考文献样式 (TeXdoc PDF)

To be done 待办

• Content

  • Include resolved issues (for historians)

• Live long

  • Documentation

    • Contributing guide

Umbrella/tracking issues

• Advanced East-Asian layout features typst#193
• Better CJK support typst#276